Category Archives: Reviews

The Google File System

Sanjay Ghemawat, Howard Gobioff, and Shun-Tak Leung, "The Google File System, " SOSP, (October, 2003). [PDF]

Summary

The Google File System or GFS is a scalable, fault-tolerance distributed file system custom-designed to handle Google's data-intensive workloads. GFS provides high aggregate throughput for a large number of readers and append-only writers (i.e., no overwrites) in a … Continue Reading ››

The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems

Mike Burrows, "The Chubby Lock Service for Loosely-Coupled Distributed Systems," OSDI, 2006. [PDF]

Summary

Chubby provides coarse-grained locking and reliable small-file storage for loosely-coupled distributed systems running in Google datacenters. The primary use case of Chubby is leader election in Google File System (GFS) and BigTable. However, over time, developers have used Chubby to implement … Continue Reading ››

Brewer’s Conjecture and the Feasibility of Consistent, Available, Partition-Tolerant Web Services

Seth Gilbert, Nancy Lynch, "Brewer’s Conjecture and the Feasibility of Consistent, Available, Partition-Tolerant Web Services," ACM SIGACT News, Volume 33 Issue 2 (2002), pg. 51-59. [PDF]

Summary

In this PODC 2000 keynote speech, Eric Brewer claimed that it is impossible for a distributed system to provide the following three guarantees simultaneously:
  • Consistency,
  • Availability, and
  • Partition-tolerance.
Even though all three … Continue Reading ››

Cluster-Based Scalable Network Services

Armando Fox, Steven D. Gribble, Yatin Chawathe, Eric A. Brewer, Paul Gauthier, "Cluster-Based Scalable Network Services," Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), (October, 1997). [PDF]

Summary

This paper identifies scalability (elasticity), availability, and cost effectiveness as the three fundamental requirements of cluster computing. It proposes a layered architecture that separates high-level policies from actual … Continue Reading ››

The Datacenter Needs an Operating System

Matei Zaharia, Benjamin Hindman, Andy Konwinski, Ali Ghodsi, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy Katz, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica, "The Datacenter Needs an Operating System," USENIX HotCloud, (June, 2011). [PDF]

Summary

In recent years, many have pondered whether the datacenter is the new computer. This paper answers that question somewhat positively and goes one step forward … Continue Reading ››

Hardware trends and future datacenter designs

John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson, "Graphic Processing Units (GPUs)," Chapter 4, Computer Architecture, Fifth Edition: A Quantitative Approach, 2011. [LINK]

Mark D. Hill, Michael R. Marty, "Amdahl's Law in the Multicore Era," IEEE Computer, (July, 2008). [PDF]

H. Howie Huang, Shan Li, Alex Szalay, Andreas Terzis, "Performance Modeling and Analysis of … Continue Reading ››

Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing

RAD Lab, "Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing," UC Berkeley Technical Report UCB/EECS 2009-28, 2009. [PDF]

Summary

The term 'Cloud Computing' has been in extensive use for last few years to suit many different, often unrelated,  needs. This report tries to define what Cloud Computing might mean by identifying its characteristics … Continue Reading ››

The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines

Luiz Andre Barroso and Urs Holzle, "The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines," Chapters 1-4 and 7, Morgan & Claypool Publishers. [PDF]

Summary

With the advent of large Internet service providers (e.g., Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Yahoo!), clusters full of commodity machines are becoming increasingly common. The authors of this … Continue Reading ››

Skilled in the Art of Being Idle: Reducing Energy Waste in Networked Systems

S. Nedevschi, J. Chandrashekar, J. Liu, B. Nordman, S. Ratnasamy, N. Taft, "Skilled in the Art of Being Idle: Reducing Energy Waste in Networked Systems," NSDI'09, (April 2009). [PDF]

Summary

This paper argues that putting networked end-systems into low-power sleep modes, instead of keeping them in higher-power-consuming idle states, can result in significant energy savings. … Continue Reading ››

Cutting the Electric Bill for Internet-Scale Systems

A. Qureshi, R. Weber, H. Balakrishnan, J. Guttag, B. Maggs, "Cutting the Electric Bill for Internet-Scale Systems," ACM SIGCOMM Conference, (August 2009). [PDF]

Summary

Large organizations like Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo! annually consume tens of millions of dollars worth of electricity. The traditional approach toward reducing energy costs by reducing the amount of energy consumption … Continue Reading ››